

239–240) briefly addresses an author’s responsibilities during typesetting, which includes sending the manuscript files to the publisher in an acceptable format and double-checking the typeset page proofs for any errors.Īlthough some aspects of a draft manuscript carry over into the typeset version-the reference list follows the same APA Style guidelines, for example-the appearance and composition of the article will change drastically.
#SUBTITLES IN APA MANUAL#
Although the Publication Manual doesn’t weigh in on these issues, section 8.06 (pp. Publishers generally determine what their articles will look like when they go to print, so they establish their own typesetting standards. They don’t directly address issues that are more relevant to a final article’s appearance and composition, including widows and orphans, which are sorted out during typesetting. This is because the guidelines in the manual were designed with draft journal articles in mind. You may be wondering why the Publication Manual doesn’t discuss widows and orphans. You should therefore ask your professor or dissertation advisor about whether widows and orphans are acceptable. Your professor or a dissertation committee will be the ones evaluating your work, not APA, so their standards supersede those in the Publication Manual. Universities have particularly precise criteria for dissertations and theses that often address widows and orphans-sometimes even specifying the minimum number of lines of text that can appear on the same page as a table. However, if you’re a student writing a class paper or a dissertation, your professor or university may have standards that differ from APA Style. Widows, like orphans, are acceptable in APA Style manuscripts. When the last line of a paragraph appears by itself at the top of the page, typesetters may refer to it as a widow.

An orphan can also mean the first line of a paragraph that’s left all alone at the bottom of a page. Lonely headings like these are sometimes called orphans in typesetting. 54–55 in the sixth edition of the Publication Manual the sample papers are also accessible online via our “Best of the APA Style Blog” post). In fact, you can see examples of this at the beginning of Sample Paper 2 (see pp. Yes, in an APA Style manuscript, it’s perfectly fine to have a heading at the bottom of one page with the body of the section starting on the next page. Is it okay for a heading to be alone at the very bottom of a page while the first paragraph of that section begins at the top of the next page? I checked page 62 in the Publication Manual where it talks about levels of heading, but I couldn’t find any answers to this question.
